Earth Science – The Earth, The Atmosphere, and Space

The leading authors in their respective fields―physical geology and extreme weather―Stephen Marshak and Robert Rauber bring years of classroom and research experience to this remarkable new book and media package. The authors’ narrative approach to the content and innovative integration of new visual and interactive resources guides students to a clearer, more applicable understanding of the entire Earth System.

The present monograph as well as the next one (Dorman, M2005) is a result of more than 50 years working in cosmic ray (CR) research. After graduation in December 1950 Moscow Lomonosov State University (Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics Division, the Team of Theoretical Physics), my supervisor Professor D. I. Blokhintsev planned for me, as a winner of a Red Diploma, to continue my education as an aspirant (a graduate student) to prepare for Ph. D. in his very secret Object in the framework of what was in those time called the Atomic Problem. To my regret the KGB withheld permission, and I, together with other Jewish students who had graduated Nuclear Divisions of Moscow and Leningrad Universities and Institutes, were faced with a real prospect of being without any work. It was our good fortune that at that time there was being brought into being the new Cosmic Ray Project (what at that time was also very secret, but not as secret as the Atomic Problem), and after some time we were directed to work on this Project. It was organized and headed by Prof. S. N. Vernon (President of All-Union Section of Cosmic Rays) and Prof. N. V. Pushkov (Director of IZMIRAN); Prof. E. L. Feinberg headed the theoretical part of the Project.

Table of contents :

Front Matter….Pages i-xxxii
Front Matter….Pages 1-2
Cosmic Rays as an Object of Research….Pages 3-38
Secondary Cosmic Rays Underground and in the Atmosphere….Pages 39-88
Coupling Functions, Integral Multiplicities, and Inverse Transformations….Pages 89-200
Experimental Basis of Cosmic Ray Research….Pages 201-286
Front Matter….Pages 287-288
Theory of Cosmic Ray Meteorological Effects for Measurements in the Atmosphere and Underground (One-Dimensional Approximation)….Pages 289-330
Experimental Investigations of CR Snow, Wind, and Barometric Effects….Pages 331-374
Experimental Investigations of Cosmic Ray Temperature and Humidity Effects….Pages 375-386
Atmospheric Electric Field Effects in Cosmic Rays….Pages 387-424
Development of the Theory and Methods of Determination of Cosmic Ray Variations of Atmospheric Origin….Pages 425-482
Front Matter….Pages 483-484
Nuclear Reactions of Cosmic Rays with Ground, Water, and Air Atoms; Production of Cosmogenic Nuclides….Pages 485-520
Cosmic Ray Influence on Atmospheric Electric Field and Thunderstorms, Earth’s Global Charge and Global Electric Current….Pages 521-540
Air Ionization by CR, Influence on the Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation….Pages 541-572
Cosmic Ray Influence on the Chemical Processes in the Atmosphere and Formation of Ozone Layer….Pages 573-590
Cosmic Ray Influence on Planetary Cloud Covering and Long Term Climate Change….Pages 591-624
Front Matter….Pages 625-626
The Possible Application of the Inverse Problem: Determination of Atmospheric Conditions by Cosmic Ray Data….Pages 627-642
Meteorological Effects Application to Cosmic Ray Latitude Survey Data Processing….Pages 643-670
Applications of the Radiocarbon Coupling Function Method to Investigations of Planetary Mixing and Exchange Processes; Influence of H-Bomb Explosions on the Environment; Cosmic Ray Variations in the Past….Pages 671-719
Potential and Realized Applications of Cosmic Ray Research in Science and Technology….Pages 721-770
Conclusion and Problems….Pages 771-774
Back Matter….Pages 775-86